Although exact CO₂e per kg for SMCA isn’t publicly available, chemical intermediates like it typically range 1–5 kg CO₂e per kg when considering feedstock, energy, and wastewater treatment arxiv.org+2energy.gov+2incopa.org+2. This benchmark helps set targets for reduction.
Applying ISO 14040/44 standards, a cradle-to-gate LCA for SMCA includes:
Goal & Scope: Define system boundary (from feedstock to final product).
Inventory (LCI): Measure inputs (MCA, Na₂CO₃), utilities, emissions, and byproducts.
Impact Assessment (LCIA): Focus on GWP (kg CO₂e), water use, and toxicity.
Interpretation: Identify environmental hotspots and guide mitigation mdpi.com.
Feedstock sourcing (monochloroacetic acid from chlorinated acetic acid): major CO₂ contributors.
Energy-intensive crystallization and drying: significant fossil energy use.
Effluent treatment: activated sludge systems add to overall emissions .
Comparing to similar chemicals:
Olefins range 2–4 kg CO₂e/kg
Coagulants range 0.03–0.2 kg CO₂e/kg bioresources.cnr.ncsu.educalifaep.org+5incopa.org+5docs.nrel.gov+5
This positions SMCA likely toward the mid-to-upper end, highlighting scope for reduction.
Green electricity or waste-heat for drying
Effluent reuse and efficient wastewater treatment
Energy optimization and process intensification discussed in green chemistry LCA case studies en.wikipedia.orgincopa.org+8bioresources.cnr.ncsu.edu+8en.wikipedia.org+8
HighMountainChem offers technical documents and support for footprint reduction, including energy-efficient crystallization, eco-packaging, and wastewater best practices:
https://highmountainchem.com/sodium-chloroacetate-cas-3926-62-3/
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